Who Is Going to Pay My Bills?

Can you pay my bills? Can you pay my telephone bills? Do you pay my automobile bills? If you did then maybe we could chill.

Okay, so maybe we are not concerned about a boyfriend taking advantage of us like Beyoncé. However, the question of who will pay your bills when you pass away is a valid question and one that is determined based on the solvency of your estate when you pass away.

If you die and your medical and credit card bills start piling up it is important to understand who will be responsible for paying off all of these debts and in what amounts. The answer will depend on whether the estate of the decedent is solvent or insolvent.

What is a Solvent Estate?

A solvent estate is one that has enough assets to pay off the decedent's bills. This essentially means, the value of all the decedent's individual assets exceeds the amount of bills owed. If the estate is determined to be solvent, then the Personal Representative of the decedent's estate will be responsible for paying all of the bills from the assets owned by the estate. So basically, if there is money to pay the bills, the bills will be paid.

Example:

If all of the decedent's individual assets equal $50,000 and the credit card and medical bills equal $25,000, then the decedent's estate is solvent and can be used by the Personal Representative to pay the bills in full and the remaining $25,000 will be paid to the beneficiaries named in the Last Will and Testament or Living Trust (if there are estate planning documents prepared). If no estate planning documents are in place, the decedent's heirs at law will receive based off Florida Statute.

“Debt collectors are very creative and persuasive. Even if you are not responsible for the debt, they may use terms such as ‘moral responsibility’ and use guilt to make family members feel they have to pay debts.”

What is an Insolvent Estate?

An insolvent estate is one that does not have enough assets to pay off the decedent's bills. So when you add up all the assets, the value of the decedent's individual assets is equal to or less than the amount of bills owed.  If the estate is insolvent, then the Personal Representative will need to prioritize payment of the bills as provided by Florida law.

Example:

If the decedent's individual assets equal $50,000 but the credit card and medical bills equal $100,000, then the deceased person's estate is insolvent by $50,000. The Personal Representative will need to look to Florida law to determine which creditors will get paid in full, which creditors will receive only a partial payment, and which creditors will get absolutely nothing.

There are different classes of creditors and depending on where that creditor ranks will depend on if they get paid in full, partial payment or no payment.

Example

For instance, medical bills incurred within 60 days of the decedent's date of death will get paid before a credit card company gets paid.  If there are not enoughassets to pay the credit card company, they will only receive a proportionate share and the remainder will have to be written off by the credit card company.

In an insolvent estate, the decedent's beneficiaries will end up getting nothing. The good news is, that they will not be responsible for paying the balance of the decedent's unpaid debts (unless a beneficiary was a co-signor or co-guarantor on the debt).  The creditors that were not paid in full will simply have to write off the bad debt.

Debt collectors are very creative and persuasive. Even if you are not responsible for the debt, they may use terms such as ‘moral responsibility’ and use guilt to make family members feel they have to pay debts.

BEWARE: Creditors always come before beneficiaries. That is why it is extremely important to protect your assets and start estate planning today!

If you live in Miami-Dade, Broward, or Palm Beach County contact an experienced estate-planning and probate attorney at The Hershey Law Firm, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, at (954) 303-9468 to discuss your estate planning needs.

            You Can't Predict The Future But You Can Plan For It.

Eeny, meeny, miny, moe.......Friends vs. Family

Family isn't always blood. It's the people in your life who want you in theirs; the ones who accept you for who you are. The ones who would do anything to see you smile and who love you no matter what. 

You work hard your entire life; why not pass your hard earned assets on to the ones you love and who you feel deserve it. You are not obligated to give your assets to any specific family member. You can give your assets to your friends. However, without proper planning there is a chance your estate could end up in the hands of family members you are not too fond of.

So how do you stop that from happening? You draft a well written Last Will & Testament or Trust that spells out exactly who you want to receive from your estate and who you do not want to receive from your estate.

Disinheriting someone can be a way to haunt a family member from beyond the grave, but there may be pragmatic reasons involved. So if you plan to leave someone out of a will, there is a blueprint for doing it.

Spouse and Minor Children

Under Florida law, you are not allowed to disinherit a spouse (unless there was a prenuptial agreement). The spouse will be entitled to an elective share of 30% of your estate.

You can not completely disinherit a minor child. Florida's Constitution contains homestead laws which prohibit the head of a family from leaving his or her residence to someone other then their surviving spouse or minor child if either is alive.

Adult Children

As children turn into adults, there are times when there is no longer a relationship anymore. If that is the case, parents don't feel comfortable passing their hard earned assets to their children.  In Florida, if a parent wants to disinherit an adult child, they need to clearly state their intentions in the will and state they don't want that child to receive. Simply by omitting that child from the will, is not enough.

“Disinheriting someone can be a way to haunt a family member from beyond the grave, but there may be pragmatic reasons involved.”

Parents

Parents are not entitled to anything in your will. But if you die without a spouse or children, your estate will go to your closest relatives who are your parents. So if you want to deliberately disinherit a parent, you need to write it in the will and designate a different heir.

Extended Relatives

In Florida, there is no legal obligation to leave assets to siblings, aunts and uncles, or cousins. But if you die without a spouse, children or parents, your next closest relatives would inherit your estate.

Just remember, estate planning requires asking yourself 'WHAT IF". It is so important to determine who you want and who you don't want to receive from your estate and the possible scenarios that occur when you pass away. 

If you live in Miami-Dade, Broward, or Palm Beach county contact an experienced estate-planning attorney at The Hershey Law Firm, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, at (954) 303-9468 to discuss your estate planning needs.

You Can’t Predict The Future, But You Can Plan For It.

Heroes Get Remembered, But Legends Never Die

Legend: MICHAEL JACKSON   

Estate Planning Mistake: FAILURE TO FINISH WHAT YOU START

The singer's fame and place in pop culture is so big that even though he was a human being like the rest of us, it seemed he would somehow live forever. That's partly why nearly everyone was shocked at his 2009 passing and still are today. 

Although the music legend, Michael Jackson, did so many things right in the music industry, one thing he failed to do right was his estate planning. One major lesson that can be learned from Michael Jackson's estate is: FAILING TO FINISH WHAT YOU START

Michael Jackson created a trust, but never fully funded it, which defeated a primary purpose of having a trust. This caused a lot of fighting within his family. His estate was made public when filed with the probate court and all secrets were let out for the world to see.

“If you never place the items you wish to keep protected into the safe, and someone robs your house, your assets are not protected. ”

Why would someone want a revocable trust?

What is a revocable trust?

A legal document that allows you to state your final wishes. In Florida, you can state who will receive and who will not receive from your estate. You are able to retain control of your assets during your lifetime and place stipulations on those who are to receive from your estate after your passing.  

What are the benefits of a revocable trust in Florida?

(1)Keep assets out of the probate court. Eliminates court fee and attorney's fees

(2)No delays and hassles associated with the probate process

(3)Private document. No one will ever have access to your financial information or who benefited from your estate.

How do you 'fund' a trust in Florida?

A trust is only as valuable as the assets that 'fund' it. If the trust is not funded, the trust is nothing more then a sheet of paper. Funding a trust simply means transferring property into the trust as well as retitling bank accounts, real estate and investments. 

For example, you purchase a safe that is fireproof, waterproof, and is drilled into the ground so a burglar cannot remove it easily from the home. If you never place the items you wish to keep protected into the safe, and someone robs your house, your assets are not protected. They were never placed in the safe. Same is true if you don't fund the trust with your assets. They will have to go through probate if not properly placed in your trust.

If you go through the effort of drafting a trust, make sure you complete the process and fully fund it. Last thing you want to do is pass away with a trust, and not get the full benefits of a trust.

If you live in Miami-Dade, Broward, or Palm Beach County contact an experienced estate-planning attorney at The Hershey Law Firm, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, at (954) 303-9468 to discuss your estate planning needs. You can’t predict the future, but you can plan for it.

Beneficiary Designations: More Important Than You May Think

In Florida, one of the simplest ways to ensure someone receives your assets, is to name a specific person as a designated beneficiary on your accounts. By law, beneficiaries (individuals or institutions) you designate for an account will receive assets in that account upon your death (avoiding probate).

What type of accounts allow a beneficiary designation?  

·      Retirement Accounts

·      Life Insurance policies

·      Annuities

In South Florida, it is important to name both a primary beneficiary and contingent beneficiary. The contingent beneficiary will receive the assets if the primary beneficiary predeceases you.

What type of account does not include a beneficiary designation?

Brokerage accounts do not include beneficiary designations, but you can complete a Transfer on Death (TOD) agreement to designate how your assets should be distributed.

“It is important to review your beneficiary designation regularly, especially when there is a life changing event (marriage, divorce, birth of a child, or death of a spouse)”

You must complete a separate TOD agreement for each single or joint account you have. A TOD agreement assigns beneficiaries, which helps you avoid the costs, delays and publicity of probate. Without the designation assigned to the account, the account would be subject to probate.

It is important to review your beneficiary designation regularly, especially when there is a life changing event (marriage, divorce, birth of a child, or death of a spouse). If you do not update your account beneficiaries, your assets could be inherited by someone you no longer wish to receive (ie. ex-spouse)

Keep in mind beneficiary designations trump what ever is stated in a will or trust. However, the will or trust can help direct how the funds will be distributed to the intended beneficiary. For instance, you might have a child who you do not trust with money, the will or trust will give instructions on how the money will be distributed to the child over a period of time so they don't spend all the money at once.

If you live in Miami-Dade, Broward, or Palm Beach county contact an experienced estate-planning attorney at The Hershey Law Firm, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, at (954) 303-9468 to discuss your estate planning needs. You can’t predict the future, but you can plan for it.

Schools Out For Summer

Schools Out For Summer. If you are able to say that without singing Alice Cooper's version, you are a better man than I.

It is the three (3) months of the year that college kids get into a little (or a lot) of trouble. No real responsibilities, young summer love, and lots of traveling.

Since you can't stop your 'children' from making bad decisions, make sure they are prepared in case they do.

If you have 'children' between the ages of 18 and 24 make sure they have a Durable Power of Attorney, Healthcare Surrogate and Living Will prepared in case of an emergency. Without these documents, parents and loved ones are helpless.

Durable Power of Attorney:

Name someone to manage your financial affairs either immediately or in the future should you lack the capacity to do so yourself.

Healthcare Surrogate:

Name someone to make medical decisions on your behalf if you are unable to make them yourself.

“Since you can’t stop your ‘children’ from making bad decisions, make sure they are prepared in case they do.”

Living Will:

Document that will state how and if you want to prolong your life if you fall into a vegetative state. 

If you live in Miami-Dade, Broward, or Palm Beach contact an experienced estate-planning attorney at The Hershey Law Firm, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, at (954) 303-9468 to discuss your estate planning needs. You can’t predict the future, but you can plan for it.

A Will Was Drafted, But We Can’t Find It!

Congratulations! You decided not to procrastinate and your actually prepared your estate planning documents. You realized you have family members that will likely fight to the death to get that antique mirror hanging in your bedroom. You decided that it was important to draft a will to specifically state who will receive specific items from your estate when you pass away. Your first thought was, “What do I care? I am dead.”  But you know that your son holds grudges for years and you do not want a family riff to occur at the time of your passing.

“What happens if you pass away and nobody is able to find the will that you drafted? ”

What happens if you pass away and nobody is able to find the will that you drafted?  Florida law allows for the contents of a will or a codicil (amendment to an old will) to be proven even if the will cannot be found. 

Florida Statute §733.207 provides that the contents of a will that was lost or destroyed can be proven if either;

(1) two disinterested witnesses testify as to the contents of the will, or

(2) a correct copy of the will is provided and one disinterested witness testifies as to the contents of the will.

Florida courts have looked at various methods to fulfill these requirements. They had to decide whether a handwritten draft or a typewritten original qualifies as a correct copy. Neither qualifies. There must be a carbon copy of the original instrument.

If you go through the effort of drafting a will, make sure you keep it in a safe place, but also inform someone you trust as to its whereabouts. Last thing you want is to pass away with a will, but no one can find the original or a copy of it.

If you live in Miami-Dade, Broward, or Palm Beach counties it is time to start preparing your estate-planning portfolio. Take charge of your last wishes and make sure your loved ones receive from your estate when you are gone. You can't predict the future, but you can plan for it.

Contact an experienced estate-planning attorney at The Hershey Law Firm, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, at (954) 303-9468 to discuss your estate planning needs.

Pass the Turkey, Pass The Gravy, Pass the Durable Power of Attorney

It is that time of year again to sit down with your loved ones, over eat, and go around the table and say what you are thankful for. The reality of the situation is that you sit down to eat an overabundance of food with extended family members you sometimes wish were strangers. You hope you don’t come across as rude when you would rather pay attention to the football game on the television as opposed to listening their mundane stories. After all, if you really wanted to hear their stories throughout the year, you could have called them, texted or even sent a Facebook message.  

It is the start of the holiday season in South Florida and the last thing on your mind is planning your estate for when you pass away or preparing documents in case you become incapacitated. But in reality, this time of year makes you realize that if you do not properly plan your estate, family members that you are not too fond of might fight over your estate (and win). Is that really something you want to happen when you pass away?  I think not!

Start thinking about who you would like to make medical and financial decisions for you in case you are unable to make those decisions for yourself. Remember, if you are married, your spouse is not legally given the right to make medical and financial decisions for you.  That right must be placed in writing. Also, if you have “children” in college, you will need their written permission to make decisions for them. “Because I said so”, is no longer a valid answer as a parent once your child reaches the age of eighteen! 

“But in reality, this time of year makes you realize that if you do not properly plan your estate, family members that you are not too fond of might fight over your estate (and win)”

It is the perfect time for South Florida residents to think about building (or updating) their estate-planning portfolio:

Will: State your final wishes regarding who will receive or who will not receive from your estate, name guardians for your minor children, state directions regarding organ donation and burial

 Revocable Trust(living trust): In depth document that will state your final wishes. You are able to place stipulations and retain control of your assets during your lifetime. 

Supplemental Documents 

Durable Power of Attorney: Name someone to manage your financial affairs either immediately or in the future should you become unable to do so yourself. 

Living Will: Document that will state how and if you want to prolong your life if you fall into a vegetative state.

 Healthcare Surrogate: Name someone to act on your behalf if you become unable to make medical decisions for yourself.

If you live in Miami-Dade, Broward, or Palm Beach counties it is time to start discussing with loved ones their estate planning needs. You can’t predict the future, but you can plan for it.

Contact an experienced estate-planning attorney at The Hershey Law Firm, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, at (954) 303-9468 to discuss your estate planning needs.

Homeowners Association and Condominium Association Foreclosures in South Florida

If only we could be kids for life. Get paid a weekly allowance for completing a list of chores and then spend every penny at the mall on items we probably don’t need. Sadly, many grown-ups in South Florida do the exact same thing; however, they get their “weekly allowance” for going to work. They are no longer purchasing baseball cards, action figures, or anything at Toys R Us. They are now purchasing vehicles they can’t afford, big screen TVs, handbags and shoes. What hasn’t sunk in is that as an adult, family and household expenses (mortgage, HOA, healthcare, daycare, food) should be the #1 priority, and then all toys and vacations should be purchased next.  Although most would agree, many South Floridians live credit card rich. Sounds great, but what happens when reality sinks in and you decided to buy that big screen television to watch the Superbowl as opposed to paying your HOA dues? Beware; your house can be foreclosed on!

“The association has the right to foreclose regardless of whether you are current or not on your mortgage payments”

If you live in a house, townhouse or condominium that is part of a common interest community in Florida, you are responsible for paying dues and assessments to the homeowners association (HOA) or condominium association (COA). If you do not pay, the HOA or COA will get a lien on your property and foreclose. You might think, “Well I paid my mortgage payment, so nothing will happen to my property.” Wrong. The association has the right to foreclose regardless of whether you are current or not on your mortgage payments.

If you are in the Fort Lauderdale, Miami, or West Palm Beach area and are facing an HOA or COA foreclosure and/or want to offer a settlement to the HOA or COA to become current, contact The Hershey Law Firm, P.A. at (954) 303-9468. We can help protect you from any potential consequences of an HOA or COA foreclosure. 

First Is the Worst, Second Is the Best, Third is the One With…? Lien Priority in Foreclosure Actions

You are at the department store getting ready to walk into the checkout lane, when a pair of shiny sunglasses lined up near the checkout line catch your eye.  You spend the next 45 seconds debating whether you need a 3rd pair of sunglasses that you will eventually lose. You decide you don’t need them, look up, and see a line 5 people deep waiting to check out.  When you got there, there was no line. Although you were first, you will have to go to the back of the line. In this case, “first come, first served” does not apply.  

“Typically, the matter of priority comes up in foreclosure actions because if a senior lien holder forecloses, it wipes out any junior liens.”

The concept of “first come, first served” is very important when it comes to lien priority.  A lien is a claim on residential or commercial property for certain legal obligations of the owner. These obligations can vary, from unpaid charges for maintenance and improvements, to outstanding balances on mortgage loans and taxes.  A valid lien must be satisfied either by full payment of the obligation or by satisfaction when the property is sold.

Generally, lien priority is determined by the recording date of the lien. The general rule is first in time, first in priority. Some liens, such as property tax liens, have automatic superiority over essentially all prior liens. Typically, the matter of priority comes up in foreclosure actions because if a senior lien holder forecloses, it wipes out any junior liens. However, if a junior lien holder forecloses, its foreclosure is subject to the senior lien.

If you fail to make your homeowner’s association (HOA) payments, the HOA has the right to file a lien against the property. The HOA (lien) foreclosure will wipe out any liens recorded after it was recorded in the public records (possibly a second mortgage). All liens recorded prior to the HOA lien will survive.  Keep in mind the first mortgage will not be extinguished from an HOA foreclosure.

If you have stopped paying your HOA dues and are facing an HOA foreclosure in Miami-Dade, Broward, or Palm Beach County contact The Hershey Law Firm, P.A. at (954) 303-9468 to help protect you from any potential consequences.